在道路養(yǎng)護作業(yè)中，冷再生機通過原位再生實現(xiàn)廢舊瀝青路面循環(huán)利用，而混合料輸送管道的堵塞問題直接影響施工連續(xù)性與作業(yè)質(zhì)量。通過建立涵蓋材料特性、設(shè)備狀態(tài)、操作規(guī)范的三維預(yù)防機制，可顯著降低管道堵塞發(fā)生率，保障施工效率。

　　In road maintenance operations, the cold recycling machine achieves the recycling of waste asphalt pavement through in-situ regeneration, and the blockage problem of the mixture conveying pipeline directly affects the construction continuity and operation quality. By establishing a three-dimensional prevention mechanism that covers material characteristics, equipment status, and operating standards, the incidence of pipeline blockage can be significantly reduced, ensuring construction efficiency.

　　一、混合料特性控制：堵塞的源頭治理

　　1、 Control of mixture characteristics: source control of blockage

　　混合料物理特性是管道堵塞的核心誘因，需實施三項控制措施：

　　The physical properties of the mixture are the core cause of pipeline blockage, and three control measures need to be implemented:

　　級配優(yōu)化設(shè)計

　　Grading optimization design

　　采用三維激光粒度分析儀，對回收瀝青路面材料（RAP）進行顆粒級配檢測。確保0.075mm以下細(xì)料含量控制在8%-12%，避免因細(xì)料過多導(dǎo)致的粘附堵塞。

　　Using a three-dimensional laser particle size analyzer, the particle size distribution of recycled asphalt pavement material (RAP) is tested. Ensure that the content of fine materials below 0.075mm is controlled at 8% -12% to avoid adhesion blockage caused by excessive fine materials.

　　含水率精準(zhǔn)調(diào)控

　　Accurate control of moisture content

　　通過微波在線水分儀，實時監(jiān)測混合料含水率，動態(tài)調(diào)整噴水量。在環(huán)境溫度25℃時，含水率控制在4.5%-5.5%，既能保證混合料工作性，又避免水分過量導(dǎo)致的離析。

　　By using a microwave online moisture meter, the moisture content of the mixture can be monitored in real time, and the water spray rate can be dynamically adjusted. At an ambient temperature of 25 ℃, the optimal moisture content is controlled at 4.5% -5.5%, which can ensure the workability of the mixture and avoid segregation caused by excessive moisture.

　　外加劑復(fù)合應(yīng)用

　　Composite application of additives

　　引入纖維增強劑與抗剝落劑，提升混合料內(nèi)聚力。聚丙烯纖維長度6-12mm，摻量0.3%，可減少骨料離析；液態(tài)抗剝落劑摻量0.5%，改善骨料與瀝青的粘結(jié)性能。

　　Introducing fiber reinforcement and anti stripping agents to enhance the cohesion of the mixture. Polypropylene fibers with a length of 6-12mm and a dosage of 0.3% can reduce aggregate segregation; The dosage of liquid anti stripping agent is 0.5% to improve the bonding performance between aggregate and asphalt.

　　二、設(shè)備狀態(tài)管理：構(gòu)建預(yù)防性維護體系

　　2、 Equipment status management: building a preventive maintenance system

　　冷再生機設(shè)備狀態(tài)直接影響管道通暢性，需建立三級維護機制：

　　The status of the cold regeneration machine equipment directly affects the smoothness of the pipeline, and a three-level maintenance mechanism needs to be established:

　　輸送系統(tǒng)專項檢查

　　Special inspection of conveying system

　　每日施工前，對輸送管道進行內(nèi)窺鏡檢測，檢查彎頭半徑≥3D（D為管道直徑）區(qū)域。采用高壓空氣炮管壁殘料，壓力控制在0.6MPa，避免損傷管壁。

　　Before daily construction, perform endoscopic inspection on the conveying pipeline, with a focus on the area where the bend radius is ≥ 3D (D is the diameter of the pipeline). Use a high-pressure air cannon to remove residual materials from the pipe wall, with a pressure controlled at 0.6 MPa to avoid damaging the pipe wall.

　　螺旋輸送器優(yōu)化

　　Optimization of Spiral Conveyor

　　將傳統(tǒng)等螺距螺旋升級為變螺距設(shè)計，進料段螺距比出料段大20%，形成壓力梯度。在輸送粘性混合料時，可降低堵塞風(fēng)險30%。

　　Upgrade the traditional equal pitch spiral to a variable pitch design, with the feed section pitch being 20% larger than the discharge section, creating a pressure gradient. When conveying viscous mixtures, the risk of blockage can be reduced by 30%.

　　液壓系統(tǒng)升級

　　Hydraulic system upgrade

　　采用負(fù)載敏感液壓系統(tǒng)，使輸送馬達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)速與發(fā)動機負(fù)荷解耦。在重載工況下，系統(tǒng)壓力波動控制在±0.5MPa以內(nèi)，避免因壓力突變導(dǎo)致的管道爆裂或漏料。

　　Adopting a load sensitive hydraulic system to decouple the speed of the conveying motor from the engine load. Under heavy load conditions, the system pressure fluctuation is controlled within ± 0.5MPa to avoid pipeline rupture or material leakage caused by sudden pressure changes.

　　三、操作規(guī)范制定：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化作業(yè)流程

　　3、 Standard operating procedures: Standardized workflow

　　建立冷再生機操作SOP，規(guī)范關(guān)鍵施工參數(shù)：

　　Establish a SOP for the operation of cold recycling machines and standardize key construction parameters:

　　啟動順序控制

　　Start sequence control

　　遵循“空載啟動-逐步加料-滿負(fù)荷運轉(zhuǎn)”的啟動流程。在設(shè)備預(yù)熱階段，先以500rpm轉(zhuǎn)速運行輸送系統(tǒng)，待液壓油溫升40℃后再進行混合料輸送。

　　Follow the start-up process of "no-load start-up - gradual feeding - full load operation". In the preheating stage of the equipment, the conveying system is first operated at a speed of 500rpm, and the mixture conveying is carried out after the hydraulic oil temperature rises to 40 ℃.

　　輸送速度匹配

　　Matching of conveying speed

　　根據(jù)銑刨深度與行駛速度，動態(tài)調(diào)整輸送帶轉(zhuǎn)速。在200mm銑刨深度時，輸送帶線速度控制在1.2-1.5m/s，確保混合料在管道內(nèi)呈懸浮流態(tài)。

　　Dynamically adjust the conveyor belt speed based on milling depth and driving speed. At a milling depth of 200mm, the conveyor belt speed is controlled at 1.2-1.5m/s to ensure that the mixture is in a suspended state inside the pipeline.

　　停機處置程序

　　Shutdown handling procedure

　　制定“漸進式停機”預(yù)案：先停止供料，待管道內(nèi)混合料排空后再關(guān)閉輸送系統(tǒng)。緊急停機時，立即啟動管道震動裝置，頻率30Hz，持續(xù)時間10秒，防止混合料硬化堵塞。

　　Develop a "progressive shutdown" plan: first stop feeding, and then close the conveying system after the mixture in the pipeline is emptied. In case of emergency shutdown, immediately activate the pipeline vibration device with a frequency of 30Hz and a duration of 10 seconds to prevent the mixture from hardening and blocking.

　　四、智能監(jiān)控技術(shù)：構(gòu)建預(yù)測性維護系統(tǒng)

　　4、 Intelligent monitoring technology: building a predictive maintenance system

　　引入物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)實現(xiàn)管道狀態(tài)的實時監(jiān)測：

　　Introducing IoT technology to achieve real-time monitoring of pipeline status:

　　壓力波檢測

　　Pressure wave detection

　　在管道關(guān)鍵節(jié)點布置壓電傳感器，捕捉混合料流動產(chǎn)生的壓力脈沖。當(dāng)壓力波幅值衰減超20%時，自動預(yù)警管道堵塞風(fēng)險。

　　Install piezoelectric sensors at key nodes of the pipeline to capture pressure pulses generated by the flow of the mixture. When the pressure wave amplitude decays by more than 20%, an automatic warning of pipeline blockage risk is issued.

　　溫度場監(jiān)控

　　Temperature field monitoring

　　采用紅外熱像儀監(jiān)測管道表面溫度分布，異常溫升區(qū)域即潛在堵塞點。在夏季高溫施工時，對管道外壁實施循環(huán)水冷卻，維持表面溫度<50℃。

　　Using an infrared thermal imager to monitor the temperature distribution on the surface of the pipeline, the area of abnormal temperature rise is the potential blockage point. During high-temperature construction in summer, implement circulating water cooling on the outer wall of the pipeline to maintain a surface temperature below 50 ℃.

　　AI堵塞預(yù)測

　　AI blockage prediction

　　構(gòu)建基于LSTM神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的堵塞預(yù)測模型，整合設(shè)備參數(shù)、環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)、材料特性等22項指標(biāo)，提前30分鐘預(yù)測堵塞概率，準(zhǔn)確率達(dá)85%。

　　Constructing a blockage prediction model based on LSTM neural network, integrating 22 indicators such as equipment parameters, environmental data, and material properties, predicting blockage probability 30 minutes in advance with an accuracy rate of 85%.

　　冷再生機混合料輸送管道堵塞的預(yù)防，需從材料特性、設(shè)備狀態(tài)、操作規(guī)范、智能監(jiān)控四個維度構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)化解決方案。通過實施全流程管控，可使管道堵塞發(fā)生率降低0.5次/千噸以下，顯著提升施工連續(xù)性與作業(yè)質(zhì)量。這種技術(shù)體系不僅延長設(shè)備使用壽命，更推動了道路再生養(yǎng)護向精細(xì)化、智能化方向發(fā)展。

　　The prevention of blockage in the mixed material conveying pipeline of the cold recycling machine requires the construction of a systematic solution from four dimensions: material characteristics, equipment status, operating standards, and intelligent monitoring. By implementing full process control, the incidence of pipeline blockage can be reduced to less than 0.5 times per thousand tons, significantly improving construction continuity and operational quality. This technological system not only extends the service life of equipment, but also promotes the development of road regeneration and maintenance towards refinement and intelligence.

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