一、基礎(chǔ)定義與核心概念

　　1、 Basic Definition and Core Concepts

　　冷再生拌合機(jī)是道路工程、地基處理領(lǐng)域的核心施工機(jī)械，無需加熱，直接在常溫下將舊路面材料、原位土壤、建筑垃圾等破碎、篩分，同時與水泥、土壤固化劑、水、外加劑等均勻拌合，形成符合工程強(qiáng)度要求的再生混合料，用于道路基層、底基層、軟基回填、邊坡加固等場景，是固廢資源化、綠色施工的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備。

　　Cold recycling mixer is a core construction machinery in the fields of road engineering and foundation treatment. It does not require heating and directly crushes and screens old pavement materials, in-situ soil, construction waste, etc. at room temperature. At the same time, it is uniformly mixed with cement, soil solidifier, water, additives, etc. to form a recycled mixture that meets the strength requirements of the project. It is used in road base, sub base, soft foundation backfilling, slope reinforcement and other scenarios. It is a key equipment for solid waste resource utilization and green construction.

　　二、核心分類（按作業(yè)方式/結(jié)構(gòu)）

　　2、 Core classification (by assignment method/structure)

　?。ㄒ唬┌醋鳂I(yè)形式

　　（1） According to the form of homework

　　1. 移動式冷再生拌合機(jī)：自帶行走裝置（輪式/履帶式），靈活轉(zhuǎn)場，適合道路沿線、零散工地、中小型工程原位再生作業(yè)；

　　1. Mobile cold recycling mixer: equipped with a walking device (wheel/track type), flexible transition, suitable for in-situ recycling operations along roads, scattered construction sites, and small and medium-sized projects;

　　2. 固定式冷再生拌合機(jī)：固定安裝于拌合站，批量生產(chǎn)再生混合料，適合大型工程、集中供料場景。

　　2. Fixed cold recycling mixer: fixedly installed at the mixing station, capable of mass production of recycled mixtures, suitable for large-scale engineering and centralized feeding scenarios.

　?。ǘ┌唇Y(jié)構(gòu)與功能

　　（2） According to structure and function

　　1. 路面冷再生拌合機(jī)：專用舊瀝青路面再生，配備銑刨、拌合雙功能，直接在路面原位作業(yè)；

　　1. Road surface cold recycling mixer: specialized for regenerating old asphalt road surfaces, equipped with dual functions of milling and mixing, directly operating in situ on the road surface;

　　2. 土壤/穩(wěn)定土冷再生拌合機(jī)：適配土壤、固化土、灰土拌合，兼容土壤固化劑等新型材料，多用于路基、地基處理；

　　2. Soil/Stable Soil Cold Recycling Mixing Machine: Suitable for mixing soil, solidified soil, and lime soil, compatible with new materials such as soil solidifiers, and commonly used for roadbed and foundation treatment;

　　3. 建筑垃圾再生拌合機(jī)：針對建筑垃圾破碎后再生利用，強(qiáng)化破碎、除雜功能。

　　3. Construction waste recycling mixer: aimed at the recycling and reuse of broken construction waste, it strengthens the functions of crushing and impurity removal.

　　（三）按行走方式

　?。?） By walking mode

　　1. 輪式冷再生拌合機(jī)：轉(zhuǎn)場速度快，適合公路、市政道路遠(yuǎn)距離作業(yè)；

　　1. Wheel type cold recycling mixer: fast transition speed, suitable for long-distance operations on highways and municipal roads;

　　2. 履帶式冷再生拌合機(jī)：接地比壓低，適合泥濘工地、軟基場地、邊坡等復(fù)雜地形。

　　2. Crawler type cold recycling mixer: With a low grounding ratio, it is suitable for complex terrains such as muddy construction sites, soft foundation sites, and slopes.

　　三、核心結(jié)構(gòu)組成（全部件解析）

　　3、 Core structure composition (analysis of all components)

　　1. 動力系統(tǒng)：柴油發(fā)動機(jī)（主流132-260kW），提供整機(jī)動力，保障連續(xù)作業(yè)；

　　1. Power system: Diesel engine (mainstream 132-260kW), providing overall power and ensuring continuous operation;

　　2. 行走系統(tǒng)：輪式（輪胎+驅(qū)動橋）/履帶式（履帶+驅(qū)動輪），實(shí)現(xiàn)移動與作業(yè)定位；

　　2. Walking system: wheeled (tire+drive axle)/tracked (track+drive wheel), achieving movement and job positioning;

　　3. 拌合轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)：核心工作部件，含拌合刀、刀座、轉(zhuǎn)子軸，負(fù)責(zé)物料破碎、攪拌，刀頭耐磨材質(zhì)（合金），適配不同硬度物料；

　　3. Mixing rotor system: The core working components include the mixing blade, blade holder, and rotor shaft, responsible for material crushing and mixing. The blade head is made of wear-resistant material (alloy) and is compatible with materials of different hardness;

　　4. 物料供給系統(tǒng)：粉料倉（水泥、固化劑）、水箱、外加劑箱，精準(zhǔn)計(jì)量輸送拌合輔料；

　　4. Material supply system: powder silo (cement, curing agent), water tank, admixture tank, precise metering and conveying of mixing materials;

　　5. 破碎篩分系統(tǒng)：內(nèi)置破碎齒、篩分網(wǎng)，將大塊物料破碎合格粒徑，去除雜質(zhì)；

　　5. Crushing and screening system: Built in crushing teeth and screening mesh, crushing large materials to qualified particle size and removing impurities;

　　6. 控制系統(tǒng)：電控操作臺，實(shí)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)速調(diào)節(jié)、輔料計(jì)量、行走速度控制，部分帶智能數(shù)顯、數(shù)據(jù)記錄；

　　6. Control system: Electronic control console, realizing speed adjustment, auxiliary material measurement, walking speed control, some with intelligent digital display and data recording;

　　7. 傳動系統(tǒng)：液壓傳動/機(jī)械傳動，傳遞動力，保障轉(zhuǎn)子、行走協(xié)同作業(yè)；

　　7. Transmission system: hydraulic transmission/mechanical transmission, transmitting power to ensure the coordinated operation of rotor and walking;

　　8. 輔助系統(tǒng)：散熱、除塵、照明，適配長時間作業(yè)與要求。

　　8. Auxiliary system: heat dissipation, dust removal, lighting, suitable for long-term operation and environmental protection requirements.

　　四、核心工作原理

　　4、 Core working principle

　　1. 原位作業(yè)：設(shè)備行走作業(yè)面，轉(zhuǎn)子高速旋轉(zhuǎn)，破碎舊路面/原位土壤；

　　1. In situ operation: The equipment travels to the working surface, the rotor rotates at high speed, and the old road surface/in-situ soil is broken;

　　2. 輔料輸送：動力驅(qū)動粉料、水、固化劑按預(yù)設(shè)配比精準(zhǔn)輸送拌合區(qū)；

　　2. Auxiliary material transportation: Power driven powder, water, and curing agent are accurately transported to the mixing area according to the preset ratio;

　　3. 均勻拌合：轉(zhuǎn)子攪拌將破碎物料與輔料充分混合，形成均勻再生混合料；

　　3. Uniform mixing: The rotor mixer thoroughly mixes the crushed material with the auxiliary material to form a uniform regenerated mixture;

　　4. 成型攤鋪：拌合后物料直接攤鋪于作業(yè)面，后續(xù)經(jīng)壓實(shí)、養(yǎng)護(hù)達(dá)標(biāo)。

　　4. Forming paving: After mixing, the materials are directly spread on the working surface, and then compacted and cured to meet the standards.

　　五、關(guān)鍵技術(shù)參數(shù)（工程實(shí)用指標(biāo)）

　　5、 Key technical parameters (engineering practical indicators)

　　1. 拌合深度：路面再生10-30cm，土壤固化/軟基處理可達(dá)50cm；

　　1. Mixing depth: Road regeneration 10-30cm, soil solidification/soft foundation treatment can reach 50cm;

　　2. 拌合寬度：2.0-2.5m（主流機(jī)型），適配道路標(biāo)準(zhǔn)寬度；

　　2. Mixing width: 2.0-2.5m (mainstream models), suitable for road standard width;

　　3. 生產(chǎn)效率：100-300t/h，履帶式機(jī)型適配復(fù)雜地形效率略低；

　　3. Production efficiency: 100-300t/h, the efficiency of crawler models adapted to complex terrain is slightly lower;

　　4. 發(fā)動機(jī)功率：132kW（小型）、162kW（中型）、220kW+（大型重載）；

　　4. Engine power: 132kW (small), 162kW (medium), 220kW+(large heavy-duty);

　　5. 行走速度：作業(yè)速度0.5-3km/h，轉(zhuǎn)場速度10-30km/h（輪式）；

　　5. Walking speed: Operating speed of 0.5-3km/h, transition speed of 10-30km/h (wheeled);

　　6. 計(jì)量精度：粉料±1%、水量±0.5%，保障混合料配比精準(zhǔn)；

　　6. Measurement accuracy: ± 1% for powder and ± 0.5% for water, ensuring accurate mixing ratio of the mixture;

　　7. 整機(jī)重量：15-35t，輪式偏輕、履帶式偏重。

　　7. Overall weight: 15-35t, with light wheels and heavy tracks.

　　六、施工工藝流程（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化作業(yè)）

　　6、 Construction process flow (standardized operation)

　　1. 施工準(zhǔn)備：清理作業(yè)面雜物，檢測原土/舊路面含水率、粒徑，設(shè)計(jì)固化劑/水泥配比；

　　1. Construction preparation: Clean up debris on the work surface, check the moisture content and particle size of the original soil/old road surface, and design the ratio of curing agent/cement;

　　2. 設(shè)備調(diào)試：檢查發(fā)動機(jī)、轉(zhuǎn)子、計(jì)量系統(tǒng)，預(yù)設(shè)配比、拌合深度、行走速度；

　　2. Equipment debugging: Check the engine, rotor, and metering system, preset the mixing ratio, mixing depth, and walking speed;

　　3. 原位破碎拌合：設(shè)備勻速前進(jìn)，轉(zhuǎn)子破碎物料，同步輸送輔料，均勻拌合；

　　3. In situ crushing and mixing: The equipment moves at a constant speed, the rotor crushes the material, synchronously transports the auxiliary materials, and mixes evenly;

　　4. 混合料檢測：現(xiàn)場取樣，檢測含水率、拌合均勻度，微調(diào)設(shè)備參數(shù)；

　　4. Mixture testing: on-site sampling, testing moisture content, mixing uniformity, and fine-tuning equipment parameters;

　　5. 攤鋪整平：拌合后物料自然攤鋪，人工/平地機(jī)整平設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)高；

　　5. Paving and leveling: After mixing, the materials are naturally spread and leveled manually/with a grader to the design elevation;

　　6. 壓實(shí)作業(yè)：用壓路機(jī)分層壓實(shí)，保障壓實(shí)度符合設(shè)計(jì)要求；

　　6. Compaction operation: Use a roller to compact in layers, ensuring that the compaction degree meets the design requirements;

　　7. 養(yǎng)護(hù)成型：常溫養(yǎng)護(hù)3-7天，檢測強(qiáng)度、壓實(shí)度，合格后進(jìn)入下道工序。

　　7. Maintenance molding: Maintain at room temperature for 3-7 days, test strength and compaction, and enter the next process after passing the inspection.

　　七、適配材料與應(yīng)用場景

　　7、 Suitable materials and application scenarios

　　（一）適配拌合材料

　?。?） Suitable for mixing materials

　　1. 原位土壤：黏土、砂土、粉質(zhì)土等各類路基土；

　　1. In situ soil: various types of roadbed soils such as clay, sandy soil, and silty soil;

　　2. 再生材料：舊瀝青路面、舊水泥混凝土、建筑垃圾、尾礦、粉煤灰；

　　2. Recycled materials: old asphalt pavement, old cement concrete, construction waste, tailings, fly ash;

　　3. 膠凝材料：水泥、石灰、土壤固化劑（核心適配）、礦粉；

　　3. Cementitious materials: cement, lime, soil stabilizer (core compatibility), mineral powder;

　　4. 輔料：水、早強(qiáng)劑、緩凝劑等外加劑。

　　4. Auxiliary materials: water, early strength agent, retarder and other additives.

　?。ǘ┖诵膽?yīng)用場景

　?。?） Core application scenarios

　　1. 道路工程：舊路改造基層再生、新建道路路基拌合、市政道路基層施工；

　　1. Road engineering: regeneration of old road base, mixing of new road subgrade, and construction of municipal road base;

　　2. 地基處理：軟土地基固化、基坑回填、場地平整加固；

　　2. Foundation treatment: solidification of soft soil foundation, backfilling of foundation pit, site leveling and reinforcement;

　　3. 固廢利用：建筑垃圾、工業(yè)尾礦資源化處理，綠色施工；

　　3. Solid waste utilization: Resource utilization of construction waste and industrial tailings, green and environmentally friendly construction;

　　4. 邊坡工程：邊坡固化拌合，提升邊坡穩(wěn)定性，防止水土流失。

　　4. Slope engineering: slope solidification and mixing to enhance slope stability and prevent soil erosion.

　　八、性能優(yōu)勢（工程核心價值）

　　8、 Performance advantage (core value of engineering)

　　1. 綠色：常溫作業(yè)無廢氣排放，固廢循環(huán)利用，減少新材料消耗；

　　1. Green and environmentally friendly: no exhaust gas emissions during normal temperature operations, solid waste recycling, and reduced consumption of new materials;

　　2. 經(jīng)濟(jì)：原位作業(yè)無需轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)物料，縮短工期，降低運(yùn)輸成本；

　　2. Efficient and economical: In situ operations do not require material transfer, shorten the construction period, and reduce transportation costs;

　　3. 配比精準(zhǔn)：智能計(jì)量系統(tǒng)，保障混合料強(qiáng)度穩(wěn)定，適配土壤固化劑等新型材料；

　　3. Accurate proportioning: Intelligent metering system ensures stable strength of the mixture and adapts to new materials such as soil solidifier;

　　4. 適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)：履帶式適配泥濘、軟基復(fù)雜地形，輪式轉(zhuǎn)場靈活；

　　4. Strong adaptability: The track type is suitable for muddy and soft terrain, and the wheeled transition is flexible;

　　5. 強(qiáng)度可控：通過調(diào)整固化劑、水泥配比，滿足不同工程強(qiáng)度要求。

　　5. Controllable strength: By adjusting the ratio of curing agent and cement, different engineering strength requirements can be met.

　　九、日常維護(hù)與保養(yǎng)

　　9、 Daily maintenance and upkeep

　　1. 作業(yè)前：檢查發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油、冷卻液，緊固轉(zhuǎn)子刀頭、傳動部件，清理料倉雜質(zhì)；

　　1. Before homework: Check the engine oil and coolant, tighten the rotor blade and transmission components, and clean the impurities in the silo;

　　2. 作業(yè)中：監(jiān)控發(fā)動機(jī)溫度、轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)速，及時清理堵塞物料，避免過載；

　　2. During homework: Monitor engine temperature and rotor speed, promptly clean up blocked materials, and avoid overload;

　　3. 作業(yè)后：清理拌合轉(zhuǎn)子、料倉殘留物料，檢查刀頭磨損情況，更換易損件；

　　3. After homework: Clean the mixing rotor and residual materials in the silo, check the wear of the cutting head, and replace vulnerable parts;

　　4. 定期保養(yǎng)：每50小時更換機(jī)油、濾芯，每200小時檢查液壓系統(tǒng)，長期停用做好防銹、防塵。

　　4. Regular maintenance: Change the oil and filter element every 50 hours, check the hydraulic system every 200 hours, and take measures to prevent rust and dust if it is not used for a long time.

　　十、常見故障與排除

　　10、 Common faults and troubleshooting

　　1. 轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)速不足：檢查發(fā)動機(jī)動力、傳動皮帶/液壓系統(tǒng)，調(diào)整張緊度、維修液壓泵；

　　1. Insufficient rotor speed: Check the engine power, transmission belt/hydraulic system, adjust the tension, and repair the hydraulic pump;

　　2. 拌合不均勻：調(diào)整輔料計(jì)量精度，清理轉(zhuǎn)子雜物，檢查刀頭磨損；

　　2. Uneven mixing: Adjust the measurement accuracy of auxiliary materials, clean up rotor debris, and check blade wear;

　　3. 行走無力：檢查行走驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)、履帶/輪胎氣壓，維修液壓馬達(dá)；

　　3. Walking weakness: Check the walking drive system, track/tire pressure, and repair the hydraulic motor;

　　4. 計(jì)量不準(zhǔn)：校準(zhǔn)計(jì)量傳感器，清理粉料倉結(jié)塊，檢查輸送泵。

　　4. Inaccurate measurement: Calibrate the measurement sensor, clean the powder silo clumps, and check the conveying pump.

　　十一、主流廠家與機(jī)型參考

　　11、 Mainstream manufacturers and model references

　　1. 國內(nèi)：徐工、三一重工、柳工、山推；

　　1. Domestic brands: XCMG, Sany Heavy Industry, Liugong, Shantui;

　　2. 機(jī)型參考：徐工XL2103（路面冷再生）、山推SR22M（土壤拌合）。

　　2. Model reference: XCMG XL2103 (road cold recycling), Shantui SR22M (soil mixing).